Crack the Code: Addition and Subtraction Function Machines!

Math Grades 1st Grade 13:05 Video
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Lesson Description

Let's become math detectives and solve function machine puzzles using addition and subtraction! We'll find the hidden rules that make these machines work.

Video Resource

Addition and Subtraction | 1st Grade | Math| Kids Academy

Kids Academy

Duration: 13:05
Watch on YouTube

Key Concepts

  • Addition and subtraction within 20
  • Identifying patterns and rules
  • Understanding function machines (input, rule, output)

Learning Objectives

  • Students will be able to identify the rule (addition or subtraction) in a function machine.
  • Students will be able to determine the missing number (rule) in a function machine given the input and output.
  • Students will be able to apply addition and subtraction strategies to solve function machine problems.

Educator Instructions

  • Introduction (5 mins)
    Begin by asking students if they've ever seen a machine that does something special. Introduce the concept of a 'function machine' as a magical box that changes numbers based on a secret rule. Show a simple example, like 'If I put in 2, and it comes out as 4, what could the machine be doing?'
  • Video Viewing (7 mins)
    Watch the 'Addition and Subtraction | 1st Grade | Math| Kids Academy' video. Encourage students to pay attention to how the presenter finds the rules for each function machine.
  • Guided Practice (10 mins)
    After the video, revisit the function machines shown in the video. Work through each one as a class, having students explain the steps involved in finding the rule. Encourage them to use drawings, counting, or other strategies to support their thinking.
  • Independent Practice (10 mins)
    Provide students with a worksheet containing new function machine problems. Have them work individually or in pairs to determine the missing rules. Offer assistance as needed.
  • Wrap-up (3 mins)
    Review the answers to the independent practice problems. Discuss any challenges students encountered and reinforce the key concepts of addition, subtraction, and identifying patterns.

Interactive Exercises

  • Function Machine Game
    Create a class function machine. One student is the 'machine' and has a secret rule (e.g., +3). Other students give the 'machine' input numbers, and the machine gives the output. The class tries to guess the rule.

Discussion Questions

  • What is a function machine?
  • How can you tell if a function machine is adding or subtracting?
  • What strategies can you use to find the rule in a function machine?

Skills Developed

  • Addition and subtraction fluency
  • Problem-solving
  • Logical reasoning
  • Pattern recognition

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:

A function machine takes a number, does something to it, and gives a new number. What is this called?

Correct Answer: A secret rule

Question 2:

If you put 3 into a machine and 5 comes out, is the machine adding or taking away?

Correct Answer: Adding

Question 3:

What does 'input' mean in a function machine?

Correct Answer: The number that goes in

Question 4:

What does 'output' mean in a function machine?

Correct Answer: The number that comes out

Question 5:

If the rule is '+2' and you put in 4, what number will come out?

Correct Answer: 6

Question 6:

If the rule is '-1' and you put in 7, what number will come out?

Correct Answer: 6

Question 7:

If you put 10 into a machine and 5 comes out, what might the rule be?

Correct Answer: -5

Question 8:

The rule is +4. Which input would result in 9 as the output?

Correct Answer: 5

Question 9:

Which of these could be a rule in a function machine?

Correct Answer: Add or subtract a number

Question 10:

Which of these is an important step when finding the rule?

Correct Answer: Counting

Fill in the Blank Questions

Question 1:

A function machine has a secret ____ that changes the numbers.

Correct Answer: rule

Question 2:

The number that goes *into* the function machine is called the ____.

Correct Answer: input

Question 3:

The number that *comes out* of the function machine is called the ____.

Correct Answer: output

Question 4:

If the rule is '+3', you are _______ 3 to the number.

Correct Answer: adding

Question 5:

If the rule is '-2', you are _______ 2 from the number.

Correct Answer: subtracting

Question 6:

If you put 5 in, and 10 comes out, the rule might be adding ____.

Correct Answer: 5

Question 7:

If you put 8 in and 4 comes out, the rule might be subtracting ____.

Correct Answer: 4

Question 8:

To find the rule, you can count ____ on your fingers or draw pictures.

Correct Answer: dots

Question 9:

The function machine can do many things, like adding or ________.

Correct Answer: subtracting

Question 10:

Function machines help us learn about ______ and taking away.

Correct Answer: adding

Educational Standards

CCSS.Math.Content.1.OA.D.8:Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 + ? = 11, 5 = _ - 3, 6 + 6 = _. CCSS.Math.Content.1.OA.C.6:Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 - 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13). CCSS.Math.Content.1.OA.A.1:Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.

Teaching Materials

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