Immune Responses: Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity

Biology Grades High School 8:07 Video
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Lesson Description

This lesson explores the two main types of immune responses: innate and adaptive. It differentiates between humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity, focusing on the roles of different immune cells.

Video Resource

Types of immune responses: Innate and adaptive, humoral vs. cell-mediated | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy

Khan Academy

Duration: 8:07
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Key Concepts

  • Innate Immunity
  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Humoral Immunity
  • Cell-Mediated Immunity
  • Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)
  • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Learning Objectives

  • Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Explain the roles of B lymphocytes (B cells) in humoral immunity.
  • Describe the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
  • Define leukocytes and lymphocytes and their role in the immune system.

Educator Instructions

  • Introduction (5 mins)
    Begin by reviewing the basic function of the immune system. Ask students what they already know about how the body defends itself against pathogens.
  • Video Viewing (15 mins)
    Play the Khan Academy video 'Types of immune responses: Innate and adaptive, humoral vs. cell-mediated'. Instruct students to take notes on the key differences between innate and adaptive immunity, and the two types of adaptive immunity.
  • Innate vs. Adaptive (10 mins)
    Lead a discussion on the key differences between innate and adaptive immunity. Focus on speed of response, specificity, and memory. Ask students to provide examples of each.
  • Humoral vs. Cell-Mediated (10 mins)
    Explain the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Emphasize the role of B cells in the humoral response and their interaction with viruses and bacteria in bodily fluids. Briefly introduce T cells and their role in cell-mediated immunity.
  • Wrap-up and Q&A (5 mins)
    Summarize the main points of the lesson and answer any remaining questions. Prepare students for the upcoming quiz.

Interactive Exercises

  • Immune Response Chart
    Have students create a chart comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immunity, including their components, response time, and specificity.
  • Pathogen Scenario
    Present students with different scenarios involving pathogen infections (e.g., a virus entering the bloodstream, a bacteria infecting a cell). Ask them to identify which type of immune response (innate, humoral, or cell-mediated) would be most effective in each scenario and explain their reasoning.

Discussion Questions

  • How does the body's first line of defense differ from its second line of defense in innate immunity?
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of innate immunity compared to adaptive immunity?
  • Why is the adaptive immune system considered 'adaptive'?
  • In what situations would the humoral response be more effective than the cell-mediated response, and vice versa?

Skills Developed

  • Critical Thinking
  • Scientific Reasoning
  • Note-Taking
  • Comparative Analysis

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:

Which type of immunity is present from birth and provides a non-specific defense?

Correct Answer: Innate Immunity

Question 2:

Which of the following is an example of the body's first line of defense in the innate immune system?

Correct Answer: Stomach Acid

Question 3:

Adaptive immunity is characterized by its:

Correct Answer: Immunological Memory

Question 4:

Which cells are primarily involved in humoral immunity?

Correct Answer: B Lymphocytes

Question 5:

Humoral immunity is most effective against pathogens that are:

Correct Answer: Floating in Bodily Fluids

Question 6:

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Correct Answer: Bone Marrow

Question 7:

Cell-mediated immunity primarily targets:

Correct Answer: Infected Cells

Question 8:

Which of the following cells are considered leukocytes?

Correct Answer: Lymphocytes

Question 9:

The inflammatory response is a part of:

Correct Answer: Innate Immunity

Question 10:

What role do helper T cells play in the humoral response?

Correct Answer: Amplifying and activating the humoral response

Fill in the Blank Questions

Question 1:

The _______ immune system is nonspecific and reacts quickly to pathogens.

Correct Answer: innate

Question 2:

_______ are white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.

Correct Answer: phagocytes

Question 3:

The _______ immune system develops over time after exposure to antigens.

Correct Answer: adaptive

Question 4:

_______ are white blood cells that include B cells and T cells.

Correct Answer: lymphocytes

Question 5:

B lymphocytes are responsible for the _______ response.

Correct Answer: humoral

Question 6:

B cells mature in the _______.

Correct Answer: bone marrow

Question 7:

The humoral response targets pathogens floating in bodily _______.

Correct Answer: fluids

Question 8:

The cell-mediated immune response is driven by _____ lymphocytes.

Correct Answer: T

Question 9:

White blood cells are also known as _______.

Correct Answer: leukocytes

Question 10:

The thymus is where ___ lymphocytes mature.

Correct Answer: T

Educational Standards

B.LS1.2:[Standard] Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. B.LS1.1:[Standard] Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. B.LS4.1:[Standard] Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.

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